Neurofibroma, Solitary

Key Points
Small tumors which may form anywhere on the skin
Caused by genetic mutation and typically associated with neurofibromatosis
Consists of nodules which may be soft or firm, as well as pedunculated

Neurofibromas are small tumors which may form anywhere under, on, or hanging from the skin. Solitary neurofibromas are commonly found and are not associated with the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis.

The tumors are caused by a genetic mutation, and are typically associated with Neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder. The condition consists of small nodules which may be soft or firm as well as pedunculated. The condition may also be accompanied by patches of skin which are oval in shape, light brown in color and larger than .5cm, also known as café-au-lait spots. Six or more café-au-lait spots indicate the presence of Neurofibromatosis. The condition typically presents during childhood.

Differential Diagnosis (Other conditions with similar appearance)
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Neurofibromatosis

Diagnosis
Key Points
Diagnosis based on characteristic appearance of lesion(s) in the affected area
Various imaging testing may be performed to confirm diagnosis and rule out more serious conditions

Neurofibromas are typically diagnosed based on the characteristic appearance of lesions in the affected area. Various imaging testing, in addition to clinical examination for specific criteria, may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out more serious conditions, such as neurofibromatosis.

Treatment
Treatment is typically reserved for tumors which become cause for concern
*Treatment consists of removal

Neurofibromas are generally benign, and aggressive treatment is not necessary. However, tumors which become cause for concern because of size, location, or chance of malignancy, will be removed surgically. Clinical examination is recommended to rule out more serious conditions.